DBMS:

A DBMS is a collection of interrelated data and a set of programs to retrieve data from a database. It is an organized collection of data viewed as whole, instead of a group of separate unrelated files. The primary goal of DBMS is to provide an environment that is both convenient and efficient for user to store and retrieve database information.It provides protection and security to the database. In the case of multiple users, it also maintains data consistency.

E.g. MySQL, Oracle, FoxPro, dBASE, SyBase MS-Access.

Advantages of DBMS

There are following advantages of DBMS

1. Reduction in Data Redundancy The duplication of data refers to data redundancy. DBMS cannot make separate copies of the same data. All the data is kept at a place and different applications refer to data from centrally controlled system.

Data redundancy occurs when the same piece of data exists in multiple places, whereas data inconsistency is when the same data exists in different formats in multiple tables. Unfortunately, data redundancy can cause data inconsistency, which can provide a company with unreliable and/or meaningless information.

2. Better Interaction with Users In DBMS, the availability of up to - date information improves the data to be access or respond as per user requests.

3. Improvement in Data Security DBMS can allow the means of access to the database through the authorised channels. To ensure security, DBMS provides security tools, i.e. username and password.

4. Maintenance of Data Integrity Data integrity ensures that the data of database is accurate In DBMS, data is centralized and used by many users at a time, it is essential to enforce integrity controls.

5. Ease of Application Development The application programmer needs to develop the application programs according to the user's need. The other issues like concurrent access, security, data integrity, etc. are handled by database itself. This makes the application development an easier task.

6. Backup and Recovery The DBMS provides backup and recovery subsystem that is responsible to recover data from hardware and software failures.

In the Question:

An advantage of the database management approach is

The Answer is Data is integrated and can be accessed by multiple programs.There are three main types of DBMS data models: relational, network, and hierarchical. ‍

Hence the Option C is Correct.

Advantages of DBMS

There are following advantages of DBMS

1. Reduction in Data Redundancy The duplication of data refers to data redundancy. DBMS cannot make separate copies of the same data. All the data is kept at a place and different applications refer to data from centrally controlled system.

Data redundancy occurs when the same piece of data exists in multiple places, whereas data inconsistency is when the same data exists in different formats in multiple tables. Unfortunately, data redundancy can cause data inconsistency, which can provide a company with unreliable and/or meaningless information.

2. Better Interaction with Users In DBMS, the availability of up to - date information improves the data to be access or respond as per user requests.

3. Improvement in Data Security DBMS can allow the means of access to the database through the authorised channels. To ensure security, DBMS provides security tools, i.e. username and password.

4. Maintenance of Data Integrity Data integrity ensures that the data of database is accurate In DBMS, data is centralized and used by many users at a time, it is essential to enforce integrity controls.

5. Ease of Application Development The application programmer needs to develop the application programs according to the user's need. The other issues like concurrent access, security, data integrity, etc. are handled by database itself. This makes the application development an easier task.

6. Backup and Recovery The DBMS provides backup and recovery subsystem that is responsible to recover data from hardware and software failures.

In the Question:

Data duplication wastes the space, but also promotes a more serious problem called ________________

The answer is Data inconsistency. 

Data inconsistency is a situation where there are multiple tables within a database that deal with the same data but may receive it from different inputs.

Hence the Option B is Correct.

Advantages of DBMS

There are following advantages of DBMS

1. Reduction in Data Redundancy The duplication of data refers to data redundancy. DBMS cannot make separate copies of the same data. All the data is kept at a place and different applications refer to data from centrally controlled system.

Data redundancy occurs when the same piece of data exists in multiple places, whereas data inconsistency is when the same data exists in different formats in multiple tables. Unfortunately, data redundancy can cause data inconsistency, which can provide a company with unreliable and/or meaningless information.

2. Better Interaction with Users In DBMS, the availability of up to - date information improves the data to be access or respond as per user requests.

3. Improvement in Data Security DBMS can allow the means of access to the database through the authorised channels. To ensure security, DBMS provides security tools, i.e. username and password.

4. Maintenance of Data Integrity Data integrity ensures that the data of database is accurate In DBMS, data is centralized and used by many users at a time, it is essential to enforce integrity controls.

5. Ease of Application Development The application programmer needs to develop the application programs according to the user's need. The other issues like concurrent access, security, data integrity, etc. are handled by database itself. This makes the application development an easier task.

6. Backup and Recovery The DBMS provides backup and recovery subsystem that is responsible to recover data from hardware and software failures.

In the Question:

In which, the database can be restored up to the last consistent state after the system failure ?

The Answer is Recovery. There are three basic types of recovery: instance recovery, crash recovery, and media recovery.

Hence the Option B is Correct.